ABSTRACT
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a chemical mixture consisting of three pesticide compounds (chromium, copper and arsenic) registered as wood preervatives to prevent fungal or microbial decay. CCA is injected into wood by a process that uses high pressure to saturate wood products with the chemical. CCA-treated wood is commonly used for telephone poles, fence posts, playground equipment, decks, walkways, boat docks and home constructions like fences or pool foors. In this study, a review of the literature was performed, involving articles relating to the toxicology of CCA, a preservative wich is responsible for the largest volume of treated wood in the world. This included relevant information concerning occupationa aspects and public health, particularly its use in homes, parks and playgrounds and aquatic environments to which the public has acess. More attention was given to arsenic, as compared to chromium and copper, because it is the most toxic component in the formula, since it has greater leachinh properties, from wood treated with CCA, as compared to chromium, the second most toxic component. For Brazil BIREME-Latin American and Caribbean Center for Information in Health Sciences was consulted. This gathers 114 Brazilian scientific publications. International literature was researched using Pub Med, a service of the American National Library, wich includes MEDLINE. The periodicals Portal of CAPES was also acessed for international publications, as well as the National system of Toxic-Pharmacological Information - SINITOX...
Subject(s)
Chemical Compound Exposure , Biological Factors/adverse effects , Toxicology , WoodABSTRACT
Baccharis articulata (Lam.) Persoon, é uma planta medicinal muito utilizada como chá no sul do Brasil, pelas suas propriedades digestivas e diuréticas. Extratos aquosos desta planta foram testados quanto à presença de atividade mutagênica no ensaio Salmonella/microssoma, ou teste de Ames, em presença e ausência de atividade metabólica hepática de mamíferos in vitro (fração S9). Foram utilizadas as linhagens TA 98, TA 100 e TA 102, que permitem avaliar mutagênese por delocamento do quadro de leitura, substituição de pares de base e danos oxidativos, respectivamente. Foi possível observar atividade mutagênica direta para as linhagens TA 98, TA 100 e TA 102. Em presença de metabolização hepática foi detectado um decréscimo importante do efeito, persistindo a mutagenicidade do tipo deslocamento do quadro de leitura. Portanto os agentes mutagênicos de ação direta, presentes na infusão de B. articulata, foram em parte, inativados pela fração S9. Outros ensaios serão necessários para a confirmação destas propriedades e suas conseqüências para a saúde humana
Subject(s)
Animals , Baccharis/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Plants, Medicinal , Salmonella typhimuriumABSTRACT
The mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium (K2Cr2O7) were assessed by a Salmonella microsuspension bioassay, in order to define standard mutagenicity dose-response curves for this compound with TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 Salmonella typhimurium strains, in the presence and absence of the exogenous metabolism fraction (S9). All the Salmonella strains tested were more or less efficiently reverted by Cr(VI) in the absence of S9 mix, with the following ranking of sensitivity available with the necessary concentration of potassium dichromate (µg) to double the number of revertant colonies in the negative control: TA98, TA100, TA97a, TA102. After metabolism the number of revertant colonies decreased in all strains studied, but positivity remained for TA97a and TA100 strains or indications of this mutagenicity in the TA98 and TA102 strains. The Salmonella microsuspension bioassay showed response sensitivity to detect mutagenicity induced by K2Cr2O7, was an appropriate assay to study environmental samples in areas which could be contaminated by chromium VI
Subject(s)
Animals , Chromium , Salmonella typhimuriumABSTRACT
Aqueous extracts of seven species used in Brazilian popular medicine (Achyrocline satureoides, Iodina rhombifolia, Desmodium incanum, Baccharis anomala, Tibouchina asperior, Luehea divaricata, Maytenus ilicifolia) were screened to the presence of mutagenic activity in the Ames test (Salmonella/microsome). Positive results were obtained for A. satureoides, B anomala and L. divaricata with microsomal activation. As shown elsewhere (Vargas et al., 1990) the metabolites of A. satureoides extract also show the capacity to induce prophage and/or SOS response in microscreen phage induction assay and SOS spot chromotest.